Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Fully Implantable Wireless Cardiac Pacing and Sensing System Integrated with Hydrogel Electrodes

doi: 10.1002/advs.202401982

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cardiac sensing and pacing. a) The schematic diagram illustrates the application of the WSPD in pacing and ECG recording on the ex vivo heart. b) The image depicts hydrogel electrodes adhered to the heart for ECG signal detection and cardiac pacing ( n = 3). c) ECG signal detected by the integrated system in the ex vivo rat's heart ( n = 3). d) SNR of ECG signals using hydrogel electrodes and flexible gold electrodes ( n = 3). e) The statistical values of CIC and CSC between hydrogel electrodes and Pt electrodes ( n = 3). f) Confocal image of hydrogels adhered onto the heart's surface, where the red‐stained portion represents the hydrogel electrode component. g) The device's ability to adjust the pulse width for cardiac pacing. h) Changes in the sinus rhythm of the ex vivo rat heart under stimulation with different pulse widths ( n = 3). i) i: The device's capability to generate pulsed stimulation at various frequencies. ii: Various frequencies are tested with an amplitude of 3.3 V and a pulse width of 5 ms. j) The effect of different pacing frequencies on sinus rhythm in the ex vivo rat's heart ( n = 3). k) The response curve detected by the OECT in the presence and absence of NT‐proBNP. The heart containing or lacking NT‐proBNP is used to simulate abnormal concentrations of the biomarker in heart failure ( n = 3). l) Comparison of the current changes of the OECT with or without NT‐proBNP ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Far‐field ECG signals were recorded using Powerlab.

Techniques: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, Staining, Biomarker Discovery, Comparison

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Fully Implantable Wireless Cardiac Pacing and Sensing System Integrated with Hydrogel Electrodes

doi: 10.1002/advs.202401982

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo implantation of cardiac pacing. a) The schematic diagram illustrates the ECG detection and cardiac pacing of the in vivo rat heart using WSPD. The illustration shows the hydrogel electrode being applied to the surface of the heart. b) In vivo detection of rat's ECG signals by the WSPD, with a frequency of 6 Hz ( n = 3). c) Evolution of ECG for a rate model, starting with the simulated AV block, electrical stimulation, and removal of electrical stimulation. d) Variation in rabbit sinus heart rate under stimulation with different pulse widths (5 Hz, 3.3 V) ( n = 3). e) The schematic diagram illustrates the implantation of WSPD into the rat, with hydrogel electrodes secured at the right ventricle of the rat's heart for cardiac pacing. f) Infrared image reviewing the temperature generated by the implanted Rx coil in rats during the power supply process ( n = 3). g) The comparison of the SNR values of the ECG signals recorded by the hydrogel electrodes on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21 ( n = 3). P value is 0.434. h) ECG signals were detected using hydrogel electrodes on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21 after implantation ( n = 3). i) ECG signals during cardiac pacing with hydrogel electrodes on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21 ( n = 3). j) The illustration shows the location of the fully implanted WSPD in rabbits for cardiac pacing. k) The optical images indicate the implantation of the WSPD in the rabbit ( n = 3). i: The hydrogel electrode is implanted into the thoracic cavity, and the wireless power supply device is implanted subcutaneously after suturing the muscle layer; ii: The rabbits that survived after skin closure; iii: After rabbit surgery, the state of awakening and recovery. l) The images depict the efficacy of powering a WSPD implanted in a rabbit using an external Tx coil. Upon receiving a stable power supply, the device activates, and its internal LED lights up, indicating its operational status ( n = 3). m) 3D rendering of an implanted WSPD in a rabbit derived from CT images. n) ECG signals before and after pacing, recorded 6 h after implantation in rabbits ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Far‐field ECG signals were recorded using Powerlab.

Techniques: In Vivo, Blocking Assay, Generated, Comparison, Derivative Assay